ADDITION OF BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN TYPE 2 TO ASCORBATE AND β-GLYCEROPHOSPHATE SUPPLEMENTATION DID NOT ENHANCE OSTEOGENIC DIFFERENTIATION OF HUMAN ADIPOSE-DERIVED STEM CELLS

Bone morphogenetic protein type 2 (BMP-2) is a potent local factor, which promotes bone formation and has been used as an osteogenic supplement for mesenchymal stem cells.OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the effect of a recombinant BMP-2 as well as the endogenous BMP-4 and BMP-7 in the osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs)

Due to their success at synthesising highly realistic images, many claims have been made about optimality and convergence in generative adversarial networks (GANs).But what of vanishing gradients, saturation, and other numerical problems noted by AI practitioners? Attempts to explain these phenomena have so far been based on purely empirical studie

Biological soil crusts (BSC) encompassing green algae, cyanobacteria, lichens, bryophytes, heterotrophic bacteria and microfungi are keystone species in arid environments because of their role in nitrogen- and carbon-fixation, weathering and soil stabilization, all depending on the photosynthesis of the BSC.Despite their importance, little is known

BackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses a high risk of transmission in close-contact indoor settings, which may include households.Prior studies have found a wide range of household secondary attack Outdoor Adirondack Chair rates and may contain biases due to simplifying assumptions about transmission variabilit